NATURAL SCIENCE 19-10-20

 

HOMEWORK (review for the exam)

Draw this chart in your natural science notebook and classify the following living things in their corresponding kingdoms:

BACTERIA	PROTIST	FUNGY	PLANTS	ANIMALS

NATURAL SCIENCE 14-10-20

 

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LIVING THINGS

Intraspecific relationships:

These are realitionships between living organisms of the same species. They help the species to survive.

 

• Reproduction: living things of the same species produce more members of their species.

• Protection: Some species of animals live in herds to protect themselves from predator attacks.

• Feeding: some species hunt in packs to catch and kill larger animals.

Interspecific relationships:

These are relationships between living things from different species. These are the most common interspecific relationships:

• Predation: it is a relationship in which one organism kills and eats another.

• Parasitism: one organism lives in or on another, called the host. This relationship does not usually kill the host.

• Mutualism: This is a relationship that is beneficial to both organisms. For example, when insects feed on the nectar of flowers, they are also helping those plants to reproduce.

• Symbiosis: this is a close relationship between two organisms, where one could not survive in its environment without the other. For example, the lichens, which are formed by the union of an alga and the fungus.

NATURAL SCIENCE 13-10-20

 

FROM INDIVIDUAL TO COMMUNITY 

Organisims cannot live in isolation. Every organism depends on other living things for its survival.

To perform their vital functions, individual organisms live in close contact with other individuals from the same species. For example: anemone, clownfish, turtle, coral, jellyfish, alga.

A group of many living things of the same species living together in the same environment makes up a population. For example: a group of clownfish, a group of coral...

Different populations from all the kingdoms that live in one place form a community. For example: the community of living things on a reef.

NATURAL SCIENCE 07-10-20

 

Locomotion

Locomotion is the ability of moving common to many living organisms and which plays a key role in the search for food and in interaction.

- Flying: using wings (birds, insects and mammals, such as bats).

- Swimming: using fins. (such as fish, amphibians, some birds and some mammals, such as whales or otters).

- Running or jumping: using legs. They may have two, four, six, eight, or hundreds (such as insects, reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals)

- Crawling: this is done by sliding along the ground (worms, snakes or snails)

Defence mechanisms

The defence mechanism is a part of the interaction function.

When an animal faces a dangerous situation, they use different defence mechanisms to defend themselves:

- Confrontation, when an animal faces the attack directly.

- Flight, fleeing is one of the most immediate forms of defence and follows innate patterns.

- Camouflage, using colours similar to the ground.

- Threatening colours or patterns, which discourage possible attackers and warn of possible danger.

- Mechanical protection, such as shells to hide in, or spines, needles or repellent secretions to discomfort the enemy.

- Grouping in colonies, as with some birds, which nest together for better defence.

Plants also have their own defence mechanisms to avoid being eaten or to survive in dry inhospitable areas, such as:

- Spines, which are extremely unpleasant if eaten or touched by an animal.

- Hard leaves, which are unappetising to herbivores

- Unpleasant flavour, which discourages hungry herbivores.

- Unpleasant odour, which produces a similar affect to the previous mechanism.

- Releasing sticky or stinging substances, which are very unpleasant to the attacker.

NATURAL SCIENCE 10-10-20

 NATURAL SCIENCE 09-10-20

The vital functions in living things

Nutrition: the organism obtains and transforms the energy it needs for survival.

-          Animals

o   Digestion

o   Respiration

o   Transport

o   Excretion

-          Plants

o   Absorption

o   Transpiration

o   Photosynthesis

o   Respiration

Classification of nutrition

-         - Autotroph: organisms that produce their own food. Plants are autotrophs.

-        -  Heterotrophs: organisms that need other organisms for nourishment, as they are incapable of producing their own food. Animals and fungi are heterotrophic organisms.

 

Reproduction: This is a function common to all living organisms and which ensures continuity of the species.

Types of reproduction

-          -Asexual: the simplest form of reproduction, consisting of the division of an individual into two or more parts, each of which forms a new individual.

-         - Sexual: a new individual is formed by the joining of two sex cells or gametes.

 

Interaction: All living organisms interact with their environment. The environment produces stimuli that provoke a response in living organisms.

-          Animals:

o   They interact with their environment to find food and defend themselves.

o   The senses and the nervous system are directly involved in the interaction function.

-          Plants:

o   They respond to environmental stimuli in various ways such as moving towards the sun or developing extensive roots.

NATURAL SCIENCE 02-10-20

 

 Hello guys!

 

Today we are going to review  the difference between living and nonliving things, as well as showing the wide variety of living organisms that exist on the planet.

Have a nice weekend!